What is the key difference between the formal org chart and the informal structure of a company?
- The formal chart shows who has the most seniority, while the informal structure shows who has the most friends.
- The formal chart shows who *can* decide, while the informal structure shows who *actually* influences decisions.
- The formal chart is always accurate, while the informal structure is just gossip.
- The formal chart is only for HR, while the informal structure is for everyone else.





A senior engineer has no formal authority over your project, but your manager always consults them before approving technical decisions. How would you categorize this person?
- Primary stakeholder
- Secondary stakeholder
- Key influencer
- External stakeholder



Fuentes
Referencias
- Harvard Business Review. "Why So Many High-Profile Mergers Fail." HBR, 2016. — 2026
- MindTools. "Stakeholder Analysis: Winning Support for Your Projects." MindTools. — 2026
- Forbes Coaches Council. "The Importance of Understanding Organizational Culture." Forbes, 2020. — 2026
- Smartsheet. "Matrix Organization Structure: Definition, Types, and Examples." Smartsheet. — 2026
- ProjectManagement.com. "Cross-Functional Teams: Best Practices." ProjectManagement.com. — 2026
- The Balance Careers. "Understanding Organizational Structure." The Balance Careers. — 2026
- Center for Creative Leadership. "Understanding Organizational Culture." CCL. — 2026
- Atlassian. "What Is Cross-Functional Collaboration?" Atlassian Blog. — 2026
Bibliografía
- Mintzberg, Henry. *Structure in Fives: Designing Effective Organizations*. Prentice-Hall, 1983. — 2026
- Schein, Edgar H. *Organizational Culture and Leadership*. Jossey-Bass, 2010. — 2026
- Freeman, R. Edward. *Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach*. Pitman, 1984. — 2026